Causative agent
- CSF virus or HC virus, family Flaviviridae


Differential diagnosis
- African swine fever
- Toxoplasmosis
- Septicemic salmonellosis
- Pasteurellosis
- Streptococcosis
- Erysipelas
- Hemphilus infection


1. Epidemiology
- High morbidity and mortality
- Pig : the only natural host and significant source of
  SFV
- Transmission by direct contact between infected
  and susceptible pigs
- Mechanically transmitted by pets, birds, arthopods,
  vehicles, farmers and other personnel


2. Clinical examination
Acute form
- Severe depression, high fever, anorexia
- Conjunctivitis, hemorrhage of skin
- Constipation, diarrhea
- Convulsion, incoordination
- Death (within 10-20 days)
Chronic form : Three phage of illness
- Depression, fever, anorexia, retarded growth
- Clinical improvement
- Terminal, death(within 1-3 months)
Late-onset of disease
- depression, anorexia
- normal to slightly elevated body temperature
- conjunctivitis, dermatitis
- locomotion disturbance
- death(within 2-11 months)

3. Hematology
- Leucopenia


4. Necropsy
- Hemorrhage throughout entire system, such as
  lymph nodes, epiglottis, kidney, urinary bladder
  and skin
- Infarction of spleen
- Button ulcers in caecum and colon


5. Histophathological observation
- Non-suppurative encephalitis
- Severe lymphocytes depletion
- Degeneration of endothelial cells
- Proliferation of reticular cells
- Glomerulonephitis
- Histiocytic hyperplasia


6. Serological test
Specimens : sera
Method      : NPLA


7. Antigen dectection
Specimens : tonsil, lymph nodes, kidney, spleen,
ileum
Method      : FA test on cryostat section


8. Virus isolation
Specimens : blood, serum, tonsil, lymph nodes,
spleen, kidney, ileum
Method      : PK-15, SK-6, ST inoculation


9. Virus identification
- FA test (Mab)
- IPMA (Mab)


Control
- Vaccination
- Zoo-sanitary measurement, stamping out infected
  pigs
- Application of disinfectant
- Restriction of pig movement