Causative agent
- Brachyspira hyodysenteriae


Differential diagnosis
- Salmonellosis
- Necrotic enteritis in piglets
- Campylobacteriosis
- Porcine intestinal adenomatosis complex
- Heavy infestation of whipworm
- Stomach ulcer
- Enteritis type of Anthrax


1. History taking
- Wide spread in concentrated producing areas
- Tendency to be endemic disease
- Rapid onset and high loss in young pigs
- Can be asymptomatic carriers of the disease


2. Clinical examination
- Watery diarrhea from yellow to grayish and
  progress to blood diarrhea with mucus
- Dehydration, weakness, anemia
- Decreased weight gains and death


3. Necropsy
- Swelling of mesenteric lymph node
- Bloody mucofibrinous pseudomembrane cover
  mucosa of large intestine


4. Histopathological observation
Large intestine:
- Thickening of mucosa and submucosa
- Hyperplasia of goblet cell and epithelial cell at the
  base of the crypt
- Superficial necrosis and hemorrhage
- Spirochete in lumen and within the crypt

5. Bacterial isolation
Specimen : feces, cecum and colon
Medium    : trypticase soy agar + 5% pig feces
                  extract + 5% citrated bovine blood +
                  spiramycin 25, rifampicin 12.5,
                  vancomycin 6.25, and spectinomycin 200
                  μg/ml
- Culture: incubate at 37°C for 7 days under 80%
  N₂: 10% CO₂ atmosphere
- Identification: Gram negative, large spirochete
  bacteria, transparent, β-hemolysis colony on blood
  agar


6. Serotyping
- AGID and ELISA


Control
- Maintenance of closed herd, with no history of
  swine dysentery
- Quarantine the new coming for at lease 30 days,
  before removing from quarantine, give
  antidysentery drug for 7-21 days (sulfonamide,
  quinoxalines, streptomycin, bacitracin, neomycin,
  tylosin, gentamycin, chlortetracycline and
  lincomycin)