Causative agent
- Trypanosoma evansi
Differential diagnosis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Eperythrozoonosis
- Brucellosis
- Leptospirosis
- Swine fever
- PRRS
1. History taking
- Abortion in pregnant sow
- Horse fly (Tabanus sp.) and stable fly
(Stomoxy sp.) in the area
- Cattle farms in vicinity
2. Clinical examination
- Anorexia
- High fever (40-41°C)
- Dyspnea
- Rash skin
- Nervous signs such as cycling and
convulsion, and subsequent death
- Abortion in pregnant sows
3. Microscopic examination
- Demonstration of trypanosomes using wet
blood film, thick and thin blood smears
- Hematocrit centrifuge technique (HCT)
- Quantitative buffy coat technique (QBC)
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4. Experimental animal inoculation
- Inoculate suspected parasitemic blood into
laboratory rodents
5. Serological tests
- Card agglutination test (CATT)
- IFAT
- ELISA
6. Necropsy
- Echymotic hemorrhage of skin especially ear,
abdomen and mammary
- Splenomegaly
- Hemorrhagic foci in lung, liver and kidney
- Petechial hemorrhage in uterus
7. Histopathological observation
- Vasculitis of the skin
- Hemorrhage and edema of lymph node cortex
- Blood congestion in lung, liver, and spleen
- Focal interstitial nephritis
- Non-purulent encephalitis
Control and treatment
- Preventive control with trypanocidal drugs
before and after fly season
- Whole herd treatment with trypanocidal drugs
such as diminazene aceturate (BerenilR) on
the positive farm
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