Differential diagnosis
- Milk fever
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Rumen acidosis
- Tetanus
- Bovine pyelonephritis
- Indigestion
- Abomasal displacement


Etiology
- Acetonemia due to a reduction in the intake or
  absorption of dietary carbohydrate precursors


1. History taking
- Within a few days after calving
- In high producing, heavily fed dairy cows housed
  in barns
- In cattle at pasture, and less frequently when
  housed and fed on rations of inadequate caloric
  content
- Under conditions of specific nutritional deficiency


2. Clinical examination
- Wasting type
- Inappetence
- Constipation
- Mucous-cover feces
- Depression
- Staring
- Expression
- Drop in milk production and loss of weight
- A characteristic odor of acetone odor in the breath
  and in the milk

3. Necropsy
- Fatty degennerration of liver
- Secondary changes in the anteroir pitvitary gland
  and adrenal cortex may be present


4. Urine analysis (Quantification of Ketones)
Specimen : urine
Method : Rothera test, Aceto test
- Result : Positive > 5 mg/100 ml


5. Milk analysis (Quantification of Ketones)
Specimen : milk
Method : same as above


6. Blood analysis
Specimen : blood
Method : same as above
- Level of glucose: Hypoglycemia ( < 40 mg/100 ml)


Control and treatment
- IV and IP injection of glucose
- Replacement of carbohydrate
- An adequate caloric intake in the early part of
  lactation especially after treatment
- In high producing, heavily-feed herds should
  provide feed with enough caloric intake