Differential diagnosis
- Selenium deficiency


Etiology
- Inadequate vitamin E intake
- Excessive amounts of vitamin A
- High ambient temperature and high humidity of
  feed


1. History taking
- Low dietary of vitamin E, selenium, suffer-
  containing amino acids
- Grazing animal intake low vitamin E or selenium in
  fresh green forages
- Exessive unsatulated fatty acid


2. Clinical examination
- Weakness
- Stiffness
- Heart failure
- Reproductive failure
- Retained placenta
- Edema


3. Necropsy
- Muscular dystrophy with pale dystrophic muscles
Swine:
- Hepatic necrosis
- Cardiac muscle degeneration
- Yellow pigmentation of fat
Chicks:
- Cercbellum is softened and snollen, meninges are
  edematous
- Edema of subcutaneous tissue
- Degenerative change in the testis

4. Histopathological observation
- Hyolin degeneration in skeletal and cardiac muscle
  follende by Coagulation necrosis
  (nutrianal myopathy)
Swine:
- Massive necrosis of entire lobules in liver
  (hepatosis dietica)
- Myodegeneration
- Ceroid substance in adipose cell (steatites)
Chicks:
- Encephalomalacia
- Exudative diathesis
- Testicular degenertion


5. Blood analysis
Specimen : serum,plasma
Method : Fluorometric determination
- Level : normal levels = 3 - 5 ppm
deficiency levels < 0.15 ppm


6. Tissue analysis
Specimen : liver
Method : Fluorometric determination


Control
- Replace old feed with fresh amply fortified with
  vitamin E Supplement both selenium and
  antioxidants
- The requirement of vitamin E in diet vary in range
  from 3-70 mg/kg