Causative agent
- Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1),
family Herpesviridae
Differential diagnosis
- Bluetongue
- Bovine viral diarrhea
- Malignant catarrhal fever
- Parainfluenza-3
- Pasteurella pneumonia
1. History taking
- Incubation period 3-7 days
- Occur naturally mostly in animals over 6 months
of age
- Widely distributed among cattle in all continents
2. Clinical examination
- Fever (up to 42°C), anorexia
- Serous discharge from eyes and nose
- Conjunctivitis
- Salivation
- Hyperexcitability
- Decreased milk yield
- Severe and highly fatal in newborn calves
- Abortion (most common in 6-8 month
pregnancy)
- Endometritis, poor conception and short estrus
period after insemination with infected semen
3. Necropsy
- Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract,
swelling and congestion of the mucosae in mild
cases
- In severe cases, the exudate is profused and
fibrinopurulent
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- Lymph nodes in the throat and neck are swollen
and edematous
4. Histopathological observation
- Acute and cattarrhal inflammation of the
respiratory mucosa
- Severe epithelial necrosis in esophagus and rumen
- Laryngeal mucosa is congested and edematous
with multiple focal lesions
- Bronchopneumonia with milk-like material coating
the tracheal and bronchial lumen
- Necrosis of the pharynx and larynx associated
lymph nodes, esophagus and liver
- Aborted fetus with moderately severe autolysis
and focal necrotizing hepatitis
5. Serological test
Specimen : paired sera (7-14 days apart)
Method : SN test
6. Virus isolation
Specimen : nasal, conjunctival, or vaginal swab,
liver, lung of aborted fetus
Method : BEK inoculation and CPE (syncytia)
observation
7. Virus identification
- FA test
- VN test
Control
- Live-attenuated and inactivated vaccine
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