Causative agent 
- Pasteurella multocida B:2 or 6:B (Asian strain)
  E:2 or 6:E (African strain)


Differential diagnosis 
- Anthrax
- Blackleg
- Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia


1. History taking 
- High morbidity and high mortality
- Transmitted by aerosal or ingestion
- Stress during transportation or sudden change
  of air temperature or some other stress


2. Clinical examination 
- Acute or peracute, death within 8-24 hr
- Dullness, fever (41-42 °C), cough
- General condition deteriorated
- Salivation, lacrimation, mucous nasal discharge
- Edema, swelling beginning from throat to neck
  and brisket
- Respiratory distress, dyspnea and death within
  a few hours


3. Necropsy 
- Generalized petechial hemorrhages, general
  hyperemia
- Edema, straw-color serous fluid in the edematous
  region
- Blood-tinged fluid in the pericardial sac, thoracic
  and abdominal cavities
- Petechial hemorrhages, particularly in the
  pharyngeal and cervical lymph nodes
- Pneumonia usually is not extensive


4. Histopathological observation 
- Bacterial colonies rarely associated with severe
  inflammation in the lungs, lives, spleen and
  adrenal cortex