Causative agent
- Anaplasma marginale
- Anaplasma centrale
Differential diagnosis
- Bovine babesiosis - Eperythrozoonosis
- Theileriosis - Trypanosomosis
- Leptospirosis - Toxic anemia
1. History taking
- Blood sucking arthropods and ticks being
endemic in the environment
- Purebred animals, newly imported animals
from disease-free country are more
susceptible than native or crossbred animals
- Affect adult animals rather than young
animals
- Predisposing factors : climate, draught,
pregnancy, milking, transportation, other
blood parasites infection
2. Clinical examination
- High fever (up to 41 °C)
- Anemia
- Anorexia
- Jaundice
- Dehydration
- Increased heart and respiratory rate
3. Hematological examination
- Thin and thick smear made from peripheral
vessels eg. ear vein, caudal vein, or large
vessels eg. jugular vein, also satisfactory ;
stained with Giemsa and examined under
microscope for agent detection
- Decreased PCV and yellowish plasma
indicate anemia and icterus condition
|
4. Serological test
- IFAT
- ELISA
5. Necropsy
- Pale and flabby heart
- Icteric mucous membrane
- Enlarged spleen
- Obstructed gall bladder
- Petechial hemorrhages on epicardium and
pericardium
- Liver is mottled yellow or brown ; moderately
swollen
6. Tissue smear
- Organ smear made from newly cut and clean
surface of each organ, stained with Giemsa
- Blood smear possibly obtained from the
extremities of newly dead animals
7. Histopathological observation
- Marked hemosiderosis
- Enlarged and congested spleen
- Parasitized erythrocytes seen in vessels in all
tissues
Control and treatment
- Tick and biting flies control by regular
infection, spray or dip with effective
insecticides
- Surveillance of the newly introduced animals
into enzootic area
- Treat sick animals with any drugs eg.
Oxytetracycline, Imizol®
|
