Causative agents 
- Tritrichomonas foetus


Differential diagnosis 
- Campylobacteriosis
- Brucellosis
- Chalamydiasis
- Akabane disease
- IBR


1. History taking 
- Endemic prevalence
- Predisposition to cattle with reproductive disorder
- Increase of abortion and repeat breeder
- Early abortion within the first 3 months of
  pregnancy
- Irregularities in the estrous cycle, delayed
  conceptions


2. Clinical examination 
Cow:
- Abnormal vaginal discharges, swelling of vulva
- Slight mucopurulent discharge in pregnant animals
Bull:
- Swelling of prepuce, accompanied by mucopurulent
  discharge


3. Necropsy 
- Aborted fetus
- Smaller in size as the fetal age
- Decolorization

4. Microscopic examination 
- Direct microscopy : sediment of preputial fluid,
  vaginal fluid to detect T. foetus by observing
  movement and morphology of organism
- Culture method : use samples at the bottom of
  culture media to detect T. foetus


5. Culture 
- The sediment of preputial fluid or vaginal fluid
  cultivated in Modified Plastridge Medium for 5 days
  at 37°C
- Identify the organism by characteristic motility and
  morphology after 5 day culture of preputial or
  vaginal fluid


Control and treatment 
- Examine bulls for T. foetus before purchase
- Reject infected bulls for natural breeding and
  artificial insemination
- Intravenous administration of dimetridazole in
  bulls and / or topical administration of acriflavine
  salves
- In cows, treatment is unnecessary, since
  trichomoniasis is ordinary self-limiting