Causative agent
- JE virus, family Togaviridae


Differential diagnosis
- Porcine parvovirus infection
- Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
- Aujeszky's disease
- Toxoplasmosis
- Classical swine fever
- Cytomegalovirus infection
- Leptospirosis
- Enterovirus infection


1. Epidemiology
- Human and horse are dead-end hosts
- Swine are both victims of the disease and
  amplifiers of the infection


2. Clinical examination
Horse
- Mild fever (40°C) in mild cases
- Anorexia
- Slow movement, drooped ears
- Difficulty in swallowing, incoordination, paralysis
- Muscular tremor
- Hyperexcitability
- Jaundice and petechiation of the nasal mucosa
  Swine
- Mummified fetuses of different sizes, stillborn and
  weak piglets with subcutaneous edema and
  hydrocephalus
- Infertility in boars, orchitis
- Reduce libido

3. Necropsy
- Hemorrhage, edema and congestion of the brain
  and/or spinal cord cerebellar enlargement in
  aborted swine fetus
- Lymph node congestion
- Hydrocephalus, hydrothorax, subcutaneous
  edema
- Ascites
- Necrotic foci in spleen
- Petechial hemorrhage on serous membrane
- Congested meninges or spinal cord


4. Histophathological observation
Stilborn pigs
- Non suppurative encephalitis and spondylitis
- Neuronal degeneration in the grey matter and
  Purkinje layers
- Focal glial cells proliferation
- Ependymitis


5. Serological test
Specimens : body fluid of aborted fetus, paired sera
of sows (before insemination and after
farrowing)
Method      : HI test


6. Virus isolation
Specimens : brain and other tissues of aborted
fetus, placenta
Method      : 1. Hmlu, ESK inoculation and CPE
observation (2-3 passages)
                    2. suckling mice inoculation


7. Virus identification
- FA test
- VN test


Control
- Vaccination