Malaysia Experience on Control of HPAI and Lesson Learnt
Kamarudin Md. Isa., DVM, MSc, PhD
Head of Disease Control Unit, Department of Veterinary Services, Malaysia
|
Index Case of HPAI Outbreak (17th August 2004)
| Location |
Pasir Pekan Village, Tumpat, Kelantan
Only 20 km from Thailand border |
| Affected Population |
One flock of village chicken consisting of 60 birds of mixed ages |
| Mortality |
As reported by owner: 48.60 (80 %) and reported to OIE
As observed by officer: 2/14 (14.3 %) |
| Sample |
Pooled organs from 2 chickens (1 male, 1 female) |
| Probable source of infection |
Village chicken (fighting cock) participated in cock fighting competition in Thailand |
|
 |
Confirmation of AIV Sub-type H5N1 From Index Case
| Date |
Test results |
| 17 August 2004 |
RT-PCR product of HA gene was found corresponded to the correst size of avian influenza sub-type H5
|
| 19 August 2004 |
RT-PCR product of HA gene was found corresponded to the correct size of avian influenza sub-type N1 |
| 20 August 2004 |
Nucleotide sequence of HA gene of the AIV H5N1 isolated from Pasir Pekan was confirmed similar (97 % homology) with H5N1 isolated in Thailand and Vietnam (2004) |
|
Confirmation of HPAIV Sub-type H5N1 From Index Case
|
Virus avian influenza isolate
|
Subtype
|
Highly Pathogenic
|
Amino acid sequence
|
|
HA1
|
HA2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-4
|
-3
|
-2
|
-1
|
+1
|
+2
|
+3
|
| A/chicken/PA/1370/83 |
H5N2
|
Yes
|
P
|
Q
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
K
|
K
|
K
|
R
|
G
|
L
|
F
|
| A/chicken/NY/13142-5/94 |
H7N2
|
No
|
P
|
E
|
N
|
P
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
K
|
T
|
R
|
G
|
L
|
F
|
| A/chicken/Thai/Tak-01/204 |
H5N1
|
Yes
|
P
|
Q
|
R
|
E
|
R
|
R
|
R
|
K
|
K
|
R
|
G
|
L
|
F
|
| A/chicken/Mal/KB/04 |
H5N1
|
Yes
|
P
|
Q
|
R
|
E
|
R
|
R
|
R
|
K
|
K
|
R
|
G
|
L
|
F
|
|
 |
Policy on Handling HPAI Outbreak
|
Item
|
Policy
|
|
Eradication
|
Stamping out - all chickens, ducks and birds within 1 km radius of infection/outbreak location
|
|
Intensive surveillance
|
Active surveillance within 10 km radius (the next 9 km) of infection/outbreak location
|
|
Movement control
|
Prohibition on movement of chickens, ducks and birds, and their products from Kelantan or infected state to other states
|
|
Notification and case definition
|
Any abnormal mortality of chickens, ducks and birds of more than 3 % must be notified and investigated. Such notification will trigger ERM.
|
|
Diagnostic and confirmatory test
|
RRT-PCR and RT-PCR are considered as confirmatory tests. Both tests can be conduxted at Veterinary Research Institute in Ipoh or Veterinary Faculty, UPM. NASBA test is used for screening purpose.
|
|
Compensation
|
All chickens, ducks, birds and eggs culled/destroyed will be compensated by the government.
|
|
Vaccination
|
Vaccination is not allowed.
|
|
Subsequent Outbreaks and Detection of HPAI Virus (17 Aug. - 12 Dec. 2004)
 |
HPAI Outbreak and Detection of Virus from Healthy Avian
 |
Variation in Flock Mortality Rate (%)
 |
| * In Kuchelong the 5 village chickens involved were sick and still alive at time inspection. |
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