Causative agent
- Actinobacillus lignieresii
Differential diagnosis
- Actinomycosis
- Bovine leukosis
- Granuloma or abscess due to pseudomonas or
staphlococcus infection
- Actinomyces pyogenes infection
1. History taking
- Usually sporadic, sometime enzootic
- Most common slowly developing tumor
- Low mortality
- Injury of oral cavity by feeding with hard stem,
sharp seed, sharp edge of grass, hay and other
might be predisposing factors
2. Clinical examination
- Lesions are spread by lymph vessel to other
lymph nodes
- Tumors often formed at lower jaw, neck, oral
cavity, lymph nodes
- Wooden tongue, ulcer and nodules on the tongue with oval shape and brown in color
- Erupted lesions have discharge of pus through firstula tract
- Diffuse circumscribed by multiple swelling in
lymph glands and subcutaneous tissues of
submaxillary and parotid region
- Atypical type, mass like abscesses under the skin at prescapular and prefemoral region,milky-
whitish discharge with granule pus. The
granules are quite similar to the "sulfur
granules" of actinomycosis, but generally they
are much smaller
3. Biopsy or Necropsy
- The tongue becomes hard by proliferation of
fibrous tissues
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- Lesions of soft tissue appeared as thick wall
abscesses filled with thick tenacious pus
- Firm, pale nodules containing in the center with
minute yellow "sulfur granules"
4. Bacteriological examination
Direct smear
- Smear pus or section of tumor on a glass slide and
stain with Gram, geimsa or methylene blue
- Press cheesy mass in tumor tract on a glass drop
slide with 10% KOH solution and observe rosette
mass under microscope with out staining
5. Histopathological observation
- Pyogranuloma, coccobacilli centered on the mass
surrounded by radiating eosinophilic "clubs"
- The club colonies are surrounded by variable
numbers of neutrophils, macrophages and giant
cells
- The periphery, granulation tissue with lymphocytes
and plasma cells
6. Bacterial isolation
Specimen : creamy or granular pus
- Media : 1% glucose blood agar, MacConkey
agar and/or Scheadler agar
(see appendix)
- Culture : incubate under anaerobic condition
with 10% CO2 at 37°C for 48-96 hr
- Colony : small, bluish white, smooth, glistening
and convex. Gram negative small rod,
non motile, positive to catalase,
oxidase, urease, nitrate reduction and
H2S test
Control
- Improvement of feeding
- Antibiotic therapy (penicillin-streptomycin
injection)
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